Mandarin Companion

Mandarin Companion

Appendix B: Grammar Point Index


For learners new to reading Chinese, an understanding of grammar points can be extremely helpful for learners and teachers. The following is a list of the most challenging grammar points used in this graded reader.

These grammar points correspond to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) level A2 or above. The full list with explanations and examples of each grammar point can be found on the Chinese Grammar Wiki , the definitive source of information on Chinese grammar online.

Chapter 1

Special cases of "zai" following verbs

Verb + 在 + Place

The "also" adverb "ye"

也 + Verb / Adj.

Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi"

因為⋯⋯ 所以⋯⋯

Expressing "when" with "de shihou"

⋯⋯的時候

Expressing "together" with "yiqi"

一起 + Verb

Two words for "but"

……,可是 / 但是……

Degree complement

Verb + 得⋯⋯

Questions with "ne"

⋯⋯呢 ?

Expressing "both A and B" with "you"

又⋯⋯ 又⋯⋯

Simultaneous tasks with "yibian"

一邊 + Verb 1 (,) 一邊 + Verb 2

Ordinal numbers with "di"

第 + Number (+ Measure Word)

Asking why with "zenme"

怎麼⋯⋯?

Adjectives with "name" and "zheme"

那麼 / 這麼 + Adj.

Indicating a number in excess

Number + 多

Expressing experiences with "guo"

Verb + 過

Chapter 2

A softer "but" with "buguo"

⋯⋯ ,不過 ⋯⋯

Chapter 3

After a specific time with "yihou"

Time / Verb + 以後

Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…"

從⋯⋯到⋯⋯

Expressing "really" with "zhen"

真 + Adj.

Reduplication of verbs

Verb + Verb

How to do something with "zenme"

怎麼 + Verb ?

Direction complement

Verb (+ Direction) + 來 / 去

Chapter 4

Causative verbs

Subj. + 讓 / 叫 / 請 / 使 + Person + Predicate

Verbing briefly with "yixia"

Verb + 一下

Result complement "-wan" for finishing

Verb + 完 (+ 了)

Expressing "a little too" with "you yidian"

有一點(兒) + Adj.

Conceding with "ba"

⋯⋯吧

Chapter 5

Tag questions with "bu"

⋯⋯是不是 / 對不對 / 好不好 ?

Result complements "-dao" and "-jian"

Verb + 到 / 見

Expressing actions in progress with "zai"

(正)在 + Verb

Chapter 6

Direction complement "-qilai"

Verb / Adj.+ 起來

Expressing "everything" with "shenme dou"

什麼 + 都 / 也⋯⋯

Chapter 7

Basic comparisons with "yiyang"

Noun 1 + 跟 / 和 + Noun 2 + 一樣 + Adj.

Chapter 8

Expressing "excessively" with "tai"

太 + Adj. + 了

Chapter 9

Expressing "will" with "hui"

會 + Verb