Mandarin Companion
Mandarin Companion
Appendix B: Grammar Point Index
For learners new to reading Chinese, an understanding of grammar points can be extremely helpful for learners and teachers. The following is a list of the most challenging grammar points used in this graded reader.
These grammar points correspond to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) level A2 or above. The full list with explanations and examples of each grammar point can be found on the Chinese Grammar Wiki , the definitive source of information on Chinese grammar online.
Chapter 1 |
|
Special cases of "zai" following verbs |
Verb + 在 + Place |
The "also" adverb "ye" |
也 + Verb / Adj. |
Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi" |
因為⋯⋯ 所以⋯⋯ |
Expressing "when" with "de shihou" |
⋯⋯的時候 |
Expressing "together" with "yiqi" |
一起 + Verb |
Two words for "but" |
……,可是 / 但是…… |
Degree complement |
Verb + 得⋯⋯ |
Questions with "ne" |
⋯⋯呢 ? |
Expressing "both A and B" with "you" |
又⋯⋯ 又⋯⋯ |
Simultaneous tasks with "yibian" |
一邊 + Verb 1 (,) 一邊 + Verb 2 |
Ordinal numbers with "di" |
第 + Number (+ Measure Word) |
Asking why with "zenme" |
怎麼⋯⋯? |
Adjectives with "name" and "zheme" |
那麼 / 這麼 + Adj. |
Indicating a number in excess |
Number + 多 |
Expressing experiences with "guo" |
Verb + 過 |
Chapter 2 |
|
A softer "but" with "buguo" |
⋯⋯ ,不過 ⋯⋯ |
Chapter 3 |
|
After a specific time with "yihou" |
Time / Verb + 以後 |
Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…" |
從⋯⋯到⋯⋯ |
Expressing "really" with "zhen" |
真 + Adj. |
Reduplication of verbs |
Verb + Verb |
How to do something with "zenme" |
怎麼 + Verb ? |
Direction complement |
Verb (+ Direction) + 來 / 去 |
Chapter 4 |
|
Causative verbs |
Subj. + 讓 / 叫 / 請 / 使 + Person + Predicate |
Verbing briefly with "yixia" |
Verb + 一下 |
Result complement "-wan" for finishing |
Verb + 完 (+ 了) |
Expressing "a little too" with "you yidian" |
有一點(兒) + Adj. |
Conceding with "ba" |
⋯⋯吧 |
Chapter 5 |
|
Tag questions with "bu" |
⋯⋯是不是 / 對不對 / 好不好 ? |
Result complements "-dao" and "-jian" |
Verb + 到 / 見 |
Expressing actions in progress with "zai" |
(正)在 + Verb |
Chapter 6 |
|
Direction complement "-qilai" |
Verb / Adj.+ 起來 |
Expressing "everything" with "shenme dou" |
什麼 + 都 / 也⋯⋯ |
Chapter 7 |
|
Basic comparisons with "yiyang" |
Noun 1 + 跟 / 和 + Noun 2 + 一樣 + Adj. |
Chapter 8 |
|
Expressing "excessively" with "tai" |
太 + Adj. + 了 |
Chapter 9 |
|
Expressing "will" with "hui" |
會 + Verb |