▎完, wán, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, completion of action

 

Function When the particle 完 follows an action verb, it indicates the completion of the action.

1 他們已經喝完咖啡了。

Tāmen yǐjīng hēwán kāfēi le.

They’ve already finished drinking their coffees.

2 你借給我的書，我都看完了。

Nǐ jiè gěi wǒ de shū, wǒ dōu kànwán le.

I’ve finished reading all the books you lent me.

3 這個月的薪水，我都用完了。

Zhè ge yuè de xīnshuǐ, wǒ dōu yòngwán le.

I have already spent this month’s salary.

4 一千公尺我跑得完。

Yìqiān gōngchǐ wǒ pǎodewán.

I can run 1000 meters.

 

Structures

Negation：

1 別買水果了，家裡的還沒吃完呢！

Bié mǎi shuǐguǒ le, jiālǐ de hái méi chīwán ne!

Don’t buy fruit. We haven’t finished the fruit at home yet.

2 我還沒說完，可以再給我一點時間嗎？

Wǒ hái méi shuōwán, kěyǐ zài gěi wǒ yìdiǎn shíjiān ma?

I haven’t finished what I want to say. Can you give me a little more time?

3 他工作沒做完，就去花蓮旅行了，所以老闆很不高興。

Tā gōngzuò méi zuòwán, jiù qù Huālián lǚxíng le, suǒyǐ lǎobǎn hěn bù gāoxìng.

He took a trip to Hualien before finishing his work, so his boss is very unhappy.

Questions：

1 你是不是考完試了？

Nǐ shìbúshì kǎowán shì le?

Are you finished taking your exams?

2 老師給的功課，你寫完了沒有？

Lǎoshī gěi de gōngkè, nǐ xiěwánle méi yǒu?

Have you finished the homework that the teacher gave you?

3 那些電影，你看完了沒有？

Nàxiē diànyǐng, nǐ kànwánle méi yǒu?

Did you finish watching those movies?

 

Usage 完 is a phase marker, to do with aspects, which is attached to an action verb. When combining with separable verbs, it is inserted into the verb.

1 我考完試，想去看電影。（＊我考試完，想去看電影。）

Wǒ kǎowán shì, xiǎng qù kàn diànyǐng. (＊Wǒ kǎoshì wán, xiǎng qù kàn diànyǐng.)

When I finish taking the exam, I’d like to go see a movie.

2 你們吃完飯，可以去夜市逛逛。

Nǐmen chīwán fàn, kěyǐ qù yèshì guàngguàng.

When you finish eating, you can go walk around the night market.

3 我們游完泳，就回家了。

Wǒmen yóuwán yǒng, jiù huíjiā le.

When we finished swimming, we went home.