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@ 51354 考試製度
A: 好，同學們，我們這節課呢，要來回顧一下中國歷史上的科舉制度，也就是中國古代的考試製度。
hǎo, tóngxué men, wǒmen zhè jié kè ne, yào lái huígù yīxià Zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng de kējǔ zhìdù, yě jiùshì Zhōngguó gǔdài de kǎoshì zhìdù.
Okay, students. In today's class, we're going to take a look back into Chinese history to the time of the Imperial Examination System, the ancient Chinese system of examination.
B: 唉，徐曉婷，那個公務員考試培訓班你報名了嗎？
ài, Xú Xiǎotíng, nàge gōngwùyuán kǎoshì péixùnbān nǐ bàomíng le ma?
Hey, Xu Xiaoting. Did you sign up for that training class on the government employment exam?
C: 當然報了，我爸媽都說現在公務員就是金飯碗，反正我是下定決心今後就走這條路了。
dāngrán bào le, wǒ bàmā dōu shuō xiànzài gōngwùyuán jiùshì jīnfànwǎn, fǎnzhèng wǒ shì xiàdìng juéxīn jīnhòu jiù zǒu zhè tiáo lù le.
Of course I did. My parents say a job as a government employee is a secure and well paying job. Either way, I'm determined to go this route.
B: 沒意思，我總感覺做公務員始終會被管手管腳的，不能獨立思考。
méi yìsi, wǒ zǒng gǎnjué zuò gōngwùyuán shǐzhōng huì bèi guǎnshǒuguǎnjiǎo de, bùnéng dúlì sīkǎo.
It'd be boring. I've always felt that being a government employee means being supervised and controlled at all times. You can't think for yourself.
A: 古代的科舉制度呢，一般來說，分為鄉試、會試和殿試。鄉試通過後，一般都要有人推薦，才能參加更高一級的考試，所以考試者被叫作舉人，比較優秀的人才也被叫作秀才。
gǔdài de kējǔ zhìdù ne, yībān láishuō, fēnwéi xiāngshì、 huìshì hé diànshì. xiāngshì tōngguò hòu, yībān dōu yào yǒurén tuījiàn, cáinéng cānjiā gèng gāo yī jí de kǎoshì, suǒyǐ kǎoshì zhě bèi jiàozuò jǔrén, bǐjiào yōuxiù de réncái yě bèi jiàozuò xiùcai.
The ancient examination system, generally speaking, was separated into the provincial level exam, the doctoral exam and the final, imperial exam. After passing the provincial exam, most people would need a person to recommend them in order to continue on and take the higher level exam. Therefore, the people taking the test became known as 'recommended scholars'. People of particularly excellent talent, became known as 'exemplary scholars'.
C: 不做公務員做什麼啊，現在金融危機，各個行業都不太景氣。
bù zuò gōngwùyuán zuò shénme a, xiànzài jīnróng wēijī, gègè hángyè dōu bùtài jǐngqì.
If you don't work for the government, what will you do? There is a financial crisis right now. None of the industries are doing well.
B: 那可以自己創業嘛，我林峰自己做自己的老闆，才不去給別人打工。
nà kěyǐ zìjǐ chuàngyè ma, wǒ Lín Fēng zìjǐ zuò zìjǐ de lǎobǎn, cái bù qù gěi biérén dǎgōng.
You can work for yourself. I'll be my own boss. I don't have to go work for someone else.
C: 我覺得風險太大，不是很穩定。
wǒ juéde fēngxiǎn tài dà, bùshì hěn wěndìng.
I think that's too risky. It's not stable.
A: 如果你通過殿試，被錄取了，那恭喜你，已經成為了進士。
rúguǒ nǐ tōngguò diànshì, bèi lùqǔ le, nà gōngxǐ nǐ, yǐjīng chéngwéi le jìnshì.
If you pass the imperial examination and are admitted, then congratulations. You've become a 'presented scholar'.
B: 你沒聽說啊，現在公務員考試是千軍萬馬過獨木橋，通過率很低的。如果沒通過的話，時間和精力不都浪費了嗎？
nǐ méi tīngshuō a, xiànzài gōngwùyuán kǎoshì shì qiānjūnwànmǎ guò dúmùqiáo, tōngguòlǜ hěn dī de. rúguǒ méi tōngguò dehuà, shíjiān hé jīnglì bù dōu làngfèi le ma?
You haven't heard? Right now, tons of people are taking the government employment exam, and it's really competitive. The percentage of people who pass is very low. If you don't pass, you've wasted all your time and energy, have you not?
C: 反正我已經下定決心了，而且我有信心。
fǎnzhèng wǒ yǐjīng xiàdìng juéxīn le, érqiě wǒ yǒu xìnxīn.
Either way, I'm already determined and I'm pretty confident about it.
A: 在考試成績公佈後，第一第二第三名就會被稱為狀元、榜眼和探花。
zài kǎoshì chéngjì gōngbù hòu, dì yī dì èr dì sān míng jiù huì bèi chēngwéi zhuàngyuan、 bǎngyǎn hé tànhuā.
After the results of the examination were announced, the first, second, and third place students were called the 'Zhuangyuan', 'Bangyan', and 'Tanhua', respectively.
B: 真的給你考中一個狀元又怎麼樣，還不是從基層做起。陳雷，你說呢？
zhēnde gěi nǐ kǎo zhòng yī ge zhuàngyuan yòu zěnmeyàng, hái bù shì cóng jīcéng zuòqǐ. Chén Léi, nǐ shuō ne?
Even if you really passed the test and became a 'Zhuangyuan', you'd still have to work from the ground up afterwards. Chen Lei, what do you think?
D: 我覺得我們現在的種種考試和古代的科舉制度差不多。
wǒ juéde wǒmen xiànzài de zhǒngzhǒng kǎoshì hé gǔdài de kējǔ zhìdù chàbuduō.
I think the kind of exams we take now are actually pretty much the same as the ancient examination system.
B: 你才發現啊，這就叫做換湯不換藥。這個試那個試，其實都是應試教育。個人的才能統統給埋沒了。
nǐ cái fāxiàn a, zhè jiù jiàozuò huàntāng bù huànyào. zhè ge shì nàge shì, qíshí dōu shì yìngshì jiàoyù. gèrén de cáinéng tǒngtǒng gěi máimò le.
Now you finally understand the meaning of, 'to change the soup, and not change the medicine'. The differences are only superficial. This exam and that exam, actually it's all a part of this examination-based approach to education. The individual's talents are completely overlooked.
A: 其實呢，我個人感覺現在的考試和古代沒什麼大的區別，個體的能力無法通過這些考試充分地表現出來。
qíshí ne, wǒ gèrén gǎnjué xiànzài de kǎoshì hé gǔdài méi shénme dà de qūbié, gètǐ de nénglì wúfǎ tōngguò zhèxiē kǎoshì chōngfèn de biǎoxiàn chūlái.
Actually, personally I don't think there is a big difference between the examinations now and the ones in the past. There's no way to truly demonstrate people's particular abilities through these examinations.
B: 看，連老師都同意我的觀點。
kàn, lián lǎoshī dōu tóngyì wǒ de guāndiǎn.
See, even the professor agrees with my opinion.
A: 但是，作為一個擁有那麼多人口的國家，地區差異那麼大，採用應試教育，也是沒辦法的事。
dànshì, zuòwéi yī ge yōngyǒu nàme duō rénkǒu de guójiā, dìqū chāyì nàme dà, cǎiyòng yìngshì jiàoyù, yě shì méi bànfǎ de shì.
However, in a country that possesses such a large population and regional differences, this kind of examination-based approach to education is also something that cannot be avoided.
B: 我就知道他會這麼說。
wǒ jiù zhīdào tā huì zhème shuō.
I knew he was going to say that.
Key Vocabulary
回顧 huígù to look back
科舉制度 kējǔ zhìdù Imperial Examination System
公務員考試 gōngwùyuán kǎoshì government employment examination
金飯碗 jīnfànwǎn secure and well-paying job
下定決心 xiàdìng juéxīn to be determined
管手管腳 guǎnshǒuguǎnjiǎo to control excessively
鄉試 xiāngshì provincial exam
會試 huìshì doctoral exam
殿試 diànshì imperial exam
舉人 jǔrén scholar recommended to continue through the imperial exam system
秀才 xiùcai outstanding candidate of the imperial exam
景氣 jǐngqì booming
風險 fēngxiǎn risk
進士 jìnshì one who has passed the final imperial exam
精力 jīnglì energy
狀元 zhuàngyuan 1st place of the imperial exam
榜眼 bǎngyǎn 2nd place of the imperial exam
探花 tànhuā 3rd place of the imperial exam
基層 jīcéng basic level
換湯不換藥 huàntāng bù huànyào to change in form, but not in content
應試教育 yìngshì jiàoyù examination-based approach to education
埋沒 máimò to overlook, to bury
充分 chōngfèn abundant
採用 cǎiyòng to adopt, to employ
Supplementary Vocabulary
選拔 xuǎnbá to select the best candidate
約束 yuēshù to restrain
隋朝 Suícháo Sui Dynasty
皇帝 huángdì emperor
寶殿 bǎodiàn palace hall
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