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A: 大家知道《論語》嗎？上面有一句話叫“有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎”。今天我就以孔子的這句名言，熱烈歡迎大家來孔子的故鄉曲阜參觀遊覽！
dàjiā zhīdào《 Lúnyǔ》 ma? shàngmian yǒu yījùhuà jiào" yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū”. jīntiān wǒ jiù yǐ Kǒngzǐ de zhèjù míngyán, rèliè huānyíng dàjiā lái Kǒngzǐ de gùxiàng Qūfù cānguān yóulǎn!
Does everyone know what 'The Analects' are? Above us here is the saying, 'A visit by a friend from afar is truly a delight.' Today, I'm using this famous Confucian saying to warmly welcome everyone to Confucius' hometown, Qufu, for a travel tour!
A: 曲阜是孔子的故鄉，他去世後，住宅被修建成孔廟，每年一屆的“祭孔大典”就在孔廟舉行。現在我就帶大家參觀“孔廟”，大家請跟我來。
qūfù shì Kǒngzǐ de gùxiàng, tā qùshì hòu, zhùzhái bèi xiūjiàn chéng Kǒngmiào, měinián yī jiè de" jìkǒngdàdiǎn” jiù zài Kǒngmiào jǔxíng. xiànzài wǒ jiù dài dàjiā cānguān" Kǒngmiào”, dàjiā qǐng gēn wǒ lái.
Qufu is the ancient hometown of Confucius. After his passing, his residence was renovated and turned into a Confucian temple. Every year, the 'Ceremony to Venerate Confucius' is held in this temple. Now, I'll take all of you on a tour of this 'Confucian Temple'. Everyone, please follow me.
A: 前面就是“杏壇”！“杏壇”是孔子講學的地方。孔子是中國著名的教育家，他主張“因材施教”，“有教無類”……
qiánmian jiùshì" Xìngtán”!" Xìngtán” shì Kǒngzǐ jiǎngxué de dìfang. Kǒngzǐ shì Zhōngguó zhùmíng de jiàoyù jiā, tā zhǔzhāng" yīncáishījiào”," yǒujiàowúlèi”……
Up ahead is the 'xingtan'! The 'xingtan' is the place where Confucius lectured. Confucius is China's most famous educator. He advocated the ideas of "education according to the individual" and "education for all"...
B: 什麼是“有教無類”？
shénmeshì" yǒujiàowúlèi”?
What's this, "education for all"?
A: 問得好！以前，只有貴族子弟才有權利受教育，但孔子認為，教育應該不分貴賤，不分國界，每個人都有受教育的權利。所以他創辦了私塾，培養人才。據說他有弟子三千，可以說是“桃李滿天下”！
wèn de hǎo! yǐqián, zhǐyǒu guìzú zǐdì cái yǒu quánlì shòu jiàoyù, dàn Kǒngzǐ rènwéi, jiàoyù yīnggāi bùfēn guì jiàn, bùfēn guójiè, měi ge rén dōu yǒu shòu jiàoyù de quánlì. suǒyǐ tā chuàngbàn le sīshú, péiyǎng réncái. jùshuō tā yǒu dìzǐ sānqiān, kěyǐ shuō shì" táolǐ mǎn tiānxià”!
Good question! In the past, only the sons of noblemen had the right to an education. However, Confucius believed that education shouldn't be provided based on economic status or political borders and that everyone had the right to an education. Therefore, he established a private school in order to cultivate people's talents. It's said that he had over 3,000 disciples. You could say that he had tons of disciples from all over the place!
C: 孔子不愧是大教育家呀！
Kǒngzǐ bùkuì shì dà jiàoyù jiā ya!
Confucius really does deserve to be called the great educator!
A: 前面是著名的“大成殿”。據說皇帝來曲阜祭孔時，當地官員要用布把這些石柱包起來，不敢讓皇帝看到。因為這些石柱比皇宮的還漂亮，怕皇帝看了忌妒。
qiánmian shì zhùmíng de" Dàchéng diàn”. jùshuō huángdì lái Qūfù jìkǒng shí, dāngdì guānyuán yào yòng bù bǎ zhèxiē shízhù bāo qǐlái, bùgǎn ràng huángdì kàndào. yīnwèi zhèxiē shízhù bǐ huánggōng de hái piàoliang, pà huángdì kàn le jìdù.
Up ahead is the famous Great Hall. It's said that when the emperor came to the Great Hall, the local officials would use cloth to wrap up these stone pillars and wouldn't dare let the emperor see them. This is because the pillars were more beautiful than the Imperial Palace and they were afraid the emperor would become jealous.
D: 啊，真宏偉！孔子在中國歷史上的地位，看看大成殿就知道了。
ā, zhēn hóngwěi! Kǒngzǐ zài Zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng de dìwèi, kàn kan Dàchéng diàn jiù zhīdao le.
Wow, they're really magnificent. Just seeing the Great Hall, it's clear that Confucius had a real position in Chinese history.
A: 沒錯！為什麼中國人，中國皇帝都這麼尊崇孔子呢？因為孔子不僅是一位教育家，更是一位思想家。他是儒家思想的創始人，提出了“仁”的思想。他說“己所不欲，勿施於人”，意思是自己不想要的東西或者不想做的事，也不要強加給別人。儒家思想影響了中國封建社會幾千年。
méicuò! wèishénme Zhōngguórén, Zhōngguó huángdì dōu zhème zūnchóng Kǒngzǐ ne? yīnwèi Kǒngzǐ bùjǐn shì yī wèi jiàoyù jiā, gèng shì yī wèi sīxiǎng jiā. tā shì rújiāsīxiǎng de chuàngshǐrén, tíchū le" rén” de sīxiǎng. tā shuō" jǐsuǒbùyù, wùshīyúrén”, yìsi shì zìjǐ bùxiǎng yào de dōngxi huò zhě bùxiǎng zuò de shì, yě bù yào qiǎngjiā gěi biérén. rújiāsīxiǎng yǐngxiǎng le Zhōngguó fēngjiànshèhuì jǐ qiān nián.
That's right! Why is it that Chinese people, and the Chinese Emperor, venerate Confucius so much? This is because Confucius was not only an educator, but he was great thinker as well. He was the founder of the Confucian school of thought and put forth the idea of 'ren', or benevolence. He said, “What you do not wish for yourself, do not impose upon others.” Meaning that anything you wouldn't want for yourself, or anything you wouldn't do yourself, you shouldn't force upon other people. The Confucian school of thought influenced Chinese feudal society for thousands of years.
A: 好，現在是自由活動時間，大家自己參觀一下大成殿吧，二十分鐘後我們在這裡集合。
hǎo, xiànzài shì zìyóuhuódòng shíjiān, dàjiā zìjǐ cānguān yīxià Dàchéng diàn ba, èrshí fēnzhōng hòu wǒmen zài zhèlǐ jíhé.
Okay, now it's time for independent activities. Everyone, go ahead and explore the Great Hall a bit yourselves. We'll reconvene here in 20 minutes.
Key Vocabulary
論語 Lúnyǔ The Analects
有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎 yǒupéngzìyuǎnfānglái, bùyìlèhū a visit by a friend from afar is truly a delight
孔子 Kǒngzǐ Confucius
名言 míngyán saying
曲阜 Qūfù Qufu
住宅 zhùzhái residence
孔廟 Kǒngmiào Confucian temple
祭孔大典 jìkǒngdàdiǎn yearly ceremony venerating Confucius
杏壇 Xìngtán place where Confucius taught
講學 jiǎngxué lecture
教育家 jiàoyù jiā educator
主張 zhǔzhāng to advocate
因材施教 yīncáishījiào education according to the individual
有教無類 yǒujiàowúlèi education for all
貴族子弟 guìzú sons of noblemen
國界 guójiè national borders
創辦 chuàngbàn to establish
私塾 sīshú traditional-style private school
桃李滿天下 táolǐmǎntiānxià to have many students from all over
不愧 bùkuì to deserve to be called
大成殿 Dàchéng diàn Great Hall
祭孔 jìkǒng to hold a memorial service for Confucius
當地 dāngdì local
石柱 shízhù stone pillar
忌妒 jìdù jealous
宏偉 hóngwěi grand
尊崇 zūnchóng to venerate
思想家 sīxiǎng jiā great thinker
儒家思想 rújiāsīxiǎng Confucian school of thought
創始人 chuàngshǐrén founder
仁 rén benevolence
己所不欲，勿施於人 jǐsuǒbùyùwùshīyúrén what you do not wish for yourself, do not impose upon others
封建社會 fēngjiànshèhuì feudal society
自由活動 zìyóuhuódòng free activity
集合 jíhé to reconvene
Supplementary Vocabulary
道家思想 dàojiāsīxiǎng Taoist school of thought
正統文化 zhèngtǒngwénhuà traditional culture
學而時習之，不亦說乎 xué'érshíxízhī, bùyìyuèhū to study and review often is truly a delight
人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎 rénbùzhī'érbùyùn, bùyìjūnzǐhū one who is not angered by ignorance, is truly a scholar
導遊 dǎoyóu tour guide
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