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@ 50602 自閉症
A 聽說你在一個兒童自閉症治療中心做義工。難道只有孩子才會得自閉症嗎？
tīngshuō nǐ zài yī ge értóng zìbìzhèng zhìliáo zhōngxīn zuò yìgōng. nándào zhǐyǒu háizi cái huì dé zìbìzhèng ma?
I hear you volunteer in a treatment center for autistic children. It can't only children that get autism, right?
B 不是這麼說的。自閉症之所以經常和兒童聯繫在一起，是因為它是一種發育障礙性疾病。而且通常在3歲之前顯現。
bù shì zhème shuō de. zìbìzhèng zhīsuǒyǐ jīngcháng hé értóng liánxì zài yīqǐ, shì yīnwèi tā shì yī zhǒng fāyù zhàng'ài xìng jíbìng. érqiě tōngcháng zài sān suì zhīqián xiǎnxiàn.
No, the reason autism is often linked to children is that it's a kind of developmental disability. And it usually manifests before the age of three.
A 病因是什麼？患者為什麼會完全封閉自己，不願意和外界接觸呢？
bìngyīn shì shénme? huànzhě wèishénme huì wánquán fēngbì zìjǐ, bù yuànyì hé wàijiè jiēchù ne?
What's the cause? Why do sufferers close themselves off completely? Why don't they want to make contact with the outside world?
B 其實醫學界一直到現在也沒有得出一個確切的答案。它是多種生物學原因引起的廣泛性發育障礙。患者封閉自己是因為行為和語言發育落後，形成了交流障礙。很多患者的興趣和動作刻板重複，經常對外界有奇特的反應。
qíshí yīxué jiè yīzhí dào xiànzài yě méiyǒu déchū yī ge quèqiè de dá'àn. tā shì duō zhǒng shēngwùxué yuányīn yǐnqǐ de guǎngfàn xìng fāyù zhàng'ài. huànzhě fēngbì zìjǐ shì yīnwèi xíngwéi hé yǔyán fāyù luòhòu, xíngchéng le jiāoliú zhàng'ài. hěn duō huànzhě de xìngqù hé dòngzuò kèbǎn chóngfù, jīngcháng duì wàijiè yǒu qítè de fǎnyìng.
Actually, to this day the medical community doesn't have a really good answer. It's a broad-based developmental disease caused by many biological factors. The reason the sufferer closes himself off is that his behavior and language lag behind, causing a barrier to communication. A lot of sufferers stick rigidly to their interests and activities. They often have odd reactions to the outside world.
A 他們內心深處是不是覺得很孤獨？
tāmen nèixīn shēnchù shì bu shì juéde hěn gūdú?
Do they feel very lonely?
B 這個問題很難回答。我讀過一些患者的自述，說他們也會覺得自己是局外人。由於溝通障礙，他們無法融入周圍的環境，也沒辦法瞭解社會的特性，而且很難信賴周圍的人。周圍的人又很難理解自閉症患者。這就構成了一個惡性循環。自閉症患者因此常常會覺得憂慮和害怕，產生很深的疏離感。
zhège wèntí hěn nán huídá. wǒ dú guo yīxiē huànzhě de zìshù, shuō tāmen yě huì juéde zìjǐ shì júwàirén. yóuyú gōutōng zhàng'ài, tāmen wúfǎ róngrù zhōuwéi de huánjìng, yě méi bànfǎ liǎojiě shèhuì de tèxìng, érqiě hěn nán xìnlài zhōuwéi de rén. zhōuwéi de rén yòu hěn nán lǐjiě zìbìzhèng huànzhě. zhè jiù gòuchéng le yī ge èxìng xúnhuán. zìbìzhèng huànzhě yīncǐ chángcháng huì juéde yōulǜ hé hàipà, chǎnshēng hěn shēn de shūlí gǎn.
This is a hard question to answer. I've read some sufferers' memoirs. They say that they feel like outsiders. Because of communication barriers, they have no way to mix with their surrounding environment, and no way of understanding the special nature of society. And it's very hard for them to have any faith in the people around them. The people around them also find it very hard to understand the sufferers. This creates a vicious cycle. For this reason, autistic people often feel worried or scared, which creates a deep emotional estrangement.
A 不能跟人交流，這多悲哀啊。這種病治得好嗎？
bùnéng gēn rén jiāoliú, zhè duō bēi'āi a. zhèzhǒng bìng zhì de hǎo ma?
They can't communicate with people. It's so tragic. Is this sickness curable?
B 目前還沒有完全治癒的方法。可是早期發現和早期干預治療是非常關鍵的，因為大腦在發育的早期具有較大的可塑性。
mùqián hái méiyǒu wánquán zhìyù de fāngfǎ. kěshì zǎoqī fāxiàn hé zǎoqī gānyù zhìliáo shì fēicháng guānjiàn de, yīnwèi dànǎo zài fāyù de zǎoqī jùyǒu jiàodà de kěsù xìng.
Currently there is no completely effective method. But it's very important to discover the disease early and start intervention therapy, because during the early stage of development, the brain is very malleable.
A 現在都有哪些治療方法呢？
xiànzài dōu yǒu nǎxiē zhìliáo fāngfǎ ne?
These days what kinds of treatments are there?
B 最重要的是教育和行為治療，培養患者與人交往的方式和技巧，減少異常行為、增強與周圍環境的配合能力。不過，由於每個患者的情況不同，因此需要根據個人情況設計針對性的治療。當然還有相應的藥物治療。這些方法起到的效果各不相同，所以最好配合起來使用。
zuì zhòngyào de shì jiàoyù hé xíngwéi zhìliáo, péiyǎng huànzhě yǔ rén jiāowǎng de fāngshì hé jìqiǎo, jiǎnshǎo yìcháng xíngwéi, zēngqiáng yǔ zhōuwéi huánjìng de pèihé nénglì. bùguò, yóuyú měige huànzhě de qíngkuàng bùtóng, yīncǐ xūyào gēnjù gèrén qíngkuàng shèjì zhēnduìxìng de zhìliáo. dāngrán hái yǒu xiāngyìng de yàowù zhìliáo. zhèxiē fāngfǎ qǐdào de xiàoguǒ gè bù xiāngtóng, suǒyǐ zuìhǎo pèihé qǐlai shǐyòng.
The most important are education and behavioral therapy. They teach the autistic methods and key skills for communicating with other people. They reduce abnormal behavior, and increase the person's ability to cooperate with those around them.
A 那麼，在培養患者與人交往的過程中，需不需要父母和家人的支持呢？
nàme, zài péiyǎng huànzhě yǔ rén jiāowǎng de guòchéng zhōng, xū bu xūyào fùmǔ hé jiārén de zhīchí ne?
But, because each autistic person's situation is different, you need to make a treatment method suited specifically to each person's situation. Of course there are also medicinal therapies. The results of these different methods have nothing in common, so the best thing is to coordinate them.
B 當然要，而且還是必不可少的。你想啊，他們是與患者最親近的人。患者自然對他們有一種信賴感。有他們的支持，治療過程會順利很多。但，畢竟這是一個漫長的治療過程，來自社會大眾的理解和關心對患者來說也很重要。好在現在出現了越來越多的治療中心，我做義工的地方就是前不久成立的。另外在網絡上也有很多相關的網站和論壇。
dāngrán yào, érqiě háishi bìbùkěshǎo de. nǐ xiǎng a, tāmen shì yǔ huànzhě zuì qīnjìn de rén. huànzhě zìrán duì tāmen yǒu yī zhǒng xìnlài gǎn. yǒu tāmen de zhīchí, zhìliáo guòchéng huì shùnlì hěn duō. dàn, bìjìng zhè shì yī ge màncháng de zhìliáo guòchéng, láizì shèhuì dàzhòng de lǐjiě hé guānxīn duì huànzhě láishuō yě hěn zhòngyào. hǎozài xiànzài chūxiàn le yuèláiyuèduō de zhìliáo zhōngxīn, wǒ zuò yìgōng de dìfang jiùshì qiánbùjiǔ chénglì de. lìngwài zài wǎngluò shàng yě yǒu hěn duō xiāngguān de wǎngzhàn hé lùntán.
So, in the process of raising the autistic person and helping them communicate, do they need the support of their parents and family?
A 今天聽你這麼一說，真是受益匪淺啊。不過我覺得大多數人對自閉症的認識還是很淺，比如我，聽你說之前，對這個一無所知。所以我想讓人們多瞭解一點這方面的知識還是挺重要的。真希望自己能夠多瞭解一點，這樣就能為社會多盡一份力了。
jīntiān tīng nǐ zhème yī shuō, zhēnshì shòuyìfěiqiǎn a. bùguò wǒ juéde dàduōshù rén duì zìbìzhèng de rènshi háishi hěn qiǎn, bǐrú wǒ, tīng nǐ shuō zhīqián, duì zhège yīwúsuǒzhī. suǒyǐ wǒ xiǎng ràng rénmen duō liǎojiě yīdiǎn zhè fāngmiàn de zhīshi háishi tǐng zhòngyào de. zhēn xīwàng zìjǐ nénggòu duō liǎojiě yīdiǎn, zhèyàng jiù néng wèi shèhuì duō jìn yī fèn lì le.
Of course. It's absolutely essential. Think about it, they're the people closest to the sufferer. The autistic person naturally has a kind of reliance on them. With their support, the process of therapy is much smoother. But, after all, therapy is a drawn-out process. Care and understanding on the part of the society at large are very important to the sufferer. The good news is that these days there are more and more treatment centers. The place I work as a volunteer was built not long ago. And there are a lot of related websites and forums online.
B 看來我今天沒有白宣傳啊，又找到了一個知音。既然你有這份心，就跟我一起去做義工吧。
kànlai wǒ jīntiān méiyǒu bái xuānchuán a, yòu zhǎodào le yī ge zhīyīn. jìrán nǐ yǒu zhè fèn xīn, jiù gēn wǒ yīqǐ qù zuò yìgōng ba.
Hearing you talk about it today, there are really a lot of benefits. But I think the majority of people only know a little about autism. Take me for example. Before I heard you talk about it, I knew nothing. So I think getting people to understand a little more about this is very important. I hope I can understand a bit more. This way I can make even more of an effort for society.
It looks like I wasn't wasting my time with this public awareness campaign. I found another understanding soul. Since you're interested in helping, why don't you come volunteer with me?
Key Vocabulary
自閉症 zìbìzhèng autism
義工 yìgōng volunteer worker
封閉 fēngbì to seal off
刻板 kèbǎn inflexible
局外人 júwàirén outsider
干預 gānyù to interfere
可塑 kěsù plastic; malleable
受益匪淺 shòuyìfěiqiǎn to receive benefits
一無所知 yīwúsuǒzhī to know nothing at all
Supplementary Vocabulary
慈善 císhàn philanthropic
志願者 zhìyuànzhě volunteer
公益事業 gōngyì shìyè the public good
助人為樂 zhùrénwéilè to find joy in helping people
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