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@ 50440 多音字
A: 咦，你家門上的對聯真奇怪，上聯是七個“長”字，下聯也是七個“長”字，這是什麼意思啊？
yí, nǐ jiā mén shàng de duìlián zhēn qíguài, shànglián shì qī ge" cháng” zì, xiàlián yě shì qī ge" cháng” zì, zhè shì shénme yìsi ā?
Hey, the couplet on your door is really strange. The first half is all made of the character ''Chang," and the second half is, too. What's the big idea?
B: 哈哈，不知道了吧？我家是做豆芽生意的，所以這對聯應該這樣讀：長長長長長長長，長長長長長長長。意思是希望豆芽長得又粗又長，增加產量，這樣才能多賺錢。
hāhā, bù zhīdào le ba? wǒ jiā shì zuò dòuyá shēngyi de, suǒyǐ zhè duìlián yīnggāi zhèyàng dú： cháng zhǎng cháng zhǎng chángcháng zhǎng, zhǎng cháng zhǎng cháng zhǎngzhang cháng. yìsi shì xīwàng dòuyá zhǎng de yòu cū yòu cháng, zēngjiā chǎnliàng, zhèyàng cáinéng duō zhuànqián.
Ha ha, you're stumped, right? We sell bean sprouts. So the couplet should be read like this: ''chang zhang chang zhang chang chang zhang, zhang chang zhang chang zhang zhang chang.'' The point is that we hope the bean sprouts will grow long and thick, and there will be a lot. That's the only way we'll make more money.
A: 對呀，我怎麼忘了“長”是多音字了。既可以讀成“長短”的“長”，也可以讀成“長大”的“長”啊。唉，真是白學了。你看，都不能學以致用。
duìyā, wǒ zěnme wàng le" cháng” shì duōyīnzì le. jì kěyǐ dú chéng" chángduǎn” de" cháng”, yě kěyǐ dú chéng" zhǎngdà” de" zhǎng” ā. āi, zhēnshì báixué le. nǐ kàn, dōu bùnéng xuéyǐzhìyòng.
Oh, right, how could I forget that the character ''chang" has multiple readings? It can be read as ''chang," like in the word for ''length," or as ''zhang" as in ''to grow up." Agh, I studied for nothing. Look, we can't study what we need to know.
B: 你也別太妄自菲薄了，其實這只是一個文字遊戲，很多中國人也讀不準確呢。
nǐ yě bié tài wàngzìfěibó le, qíshí zhè zhǐshì yī ge wénzìyóuxì, hěn duō zhōngguórén yě dú bù zhǔnquè ne.
Don't underestimate yourself. Actually, this is just a word game. A lot of Chinese people wouldn't be able to read it correctly.
A: 不過漢語中的多音字還真的讓我很頭疼。真搞不懂中國人為什麼要把漢字的發音弄得這麼複雜，害我學習的時候老是出醜。記得上次我把“了無生趣”念成了“le無生趣”，我的中國朋友整整笑話了我一個星期呢，實在太打擊我的自信心了。
bùguò hànyǔ zhōng de duōyīnzì hái zhēnde ràng wǒ hěn tóuténg. zhēn gǎo bù dǒng zhōngguórén wèishénme yào bǎ hànzì de fāyīn nòng de zhème fùzá, hài wǒ xuéxí de shíhou lǎoshi chūchǒu. jìde shàngcì wǒ bǎ" liǎowúshēngqù” niàn chéng le"le wúshēngqù”, wǒ de Zhōngguó péngyou zhěngzhěng xiàohuà le wǒ yī ge xīngqī ne, shízài tài dǎjī wǒ de zìxìnxīn le.
But Chinese characters with multiple readings really give me a headache. I really can't understand why Chinese people have to make the pronunciation of characters so complicated! When I was studying, I was always making a fool of myself. I remember one time I read the phrase ''liao wu sheng qu" as ''le wu sheng qu." My Chinese friends laughed at me for an entire week. It was a big blow to my self esteem.
B: 其實你也不必這麼苦惱。只要掌握了一定的規律，多音字並不像你想象中的那麼難學，相反，在學習的過程中還會發現不少樂趣呢。
qíshí nǐ yě búbì zhème kǔnǎo. zhǐyào zhǎngwò le yīdìng de guīlǜ, duōyīnzì bìngbù xiàng nǐ xiǎngxiàng zhōng de nàme nán xué, xiāngfǎn, zài xuéxí de guòchéng zhōng hái huì fāxiàn bùshǎo lèqù ne.
Actually, there's no need to worry so much. As long as you've got a handle on certain rules, characters with multiple readings aren't as bad as you think. And on the contrary, you will make some fascinating discoveries in the course of your studies.
A: 真的嗎？那你就別賣關子了，到底有哪些規律啊？
zhēnde ma? nà nǐ jiù bié màiguānzi le, dàodǐ yǒu nǎxiē guīlǜ ā?
Really? Well then don't just keep me in suspense. What rules are there?
B: 首先，是“記少不記多”。許多多音字的其中一種讀音只在一個或幾個詞語中出現。這種時候，只要記住這些特殊發音的詞，就能掌握這個多音字了。就像“埋單”的“埋”，除了在“埋怨”中發man2這個音以外，其他的都讀mai2。
shǒuxiān, shì" jì shǎo bù jì duō”. xǔduō duōyīnzì de qízhōng yīzhǒng dúyīn zhǐ zài yī ge huò jǐge cíyǔ zhōng chūxiàn. zhèzhǒng shíhou, zhǐyào jìzhu zhèxiē tèshū fāyīn de cí, jiù néng zhǎngwò zhège duōyīnzì le. jiùxiàng" máidān” de" mái”, chúle zài" mányuàn” zhōng fā mán zhège yīn yǐwài, qítā de dōu dú mái.
First, there's ''remember a little, not a lot." A lot of characters with multiple readings have one pronunciation that only appears in one or two words. In that kind of situation, you only need to remember the special pronunciations and you'll have a firm grasp on the character. For example, the ''mai" in ''to pay the bill" is always read as ''mai," except when it appears as ''man" in the word ''complain."
A: 可要是一個多音字的幾種讀音都很常用，那該怎麼辦呢？
kě yàoshì yī ge duōyīnzì de jǐzhǒng dúyīn dōu hěn chángyòng, nà gāi zěnme bàn ne?
But what can you do if a character's multiple readings are all really common?
B: 一般來說可以根據詞義、詞性和語體來判斷該讀哪個音。比如說“鮮”，解釋為“新鮮”的時候讀第一聲xian1，解釋為“少”的時候則讀第三聲xian3，這就是根據詞義來讀。除了詞義以外，詞性也是判斷讀音的一個重要依據。比如“為”，作介詞的時候讀第四聲wei4，作動詞的時候則讀第二聲wei2，我們常常說的“事在人為”中的“為”就是動詞。
yībānláishuō kěyǐ gēnjù cíyì、 cíxìng hé yǔtī lái pànduàn gāi dú nǎge yīn. bǐrú shuō" xiān”, jiěshì wéi" xīnxiān” de shíhou dú dìyī shēng xiān, jiěshì wéi" shǎo” de shíhou zé dú dì sān shēng xiǎn, zhè jiùshì gēnjù cíyì lái dú. chúle cíyì yǐwài, cíxìng yě shì pànduàn dúyīn de yī ge zhòngyào yījù. bǐrú" wèi”, zuò jiècí de shíhou dú dì sì shēng wèi, zuò dòngcí de shíhou zé dú dì èr shēng wéi, wǒmen chángcháng shuō de" shìzàirénwéi” zhōng de" wéi” jiùshì dòngcí.
Generally, you can judge by the meaning, type or style of the character. For example, when it means ''fresh," the character ''xian" is read with the first tone. When it means ''few," it's read with the third tone. That's reading by meaning. You can also use the type of the word to figure out its reading. For instance, when it's used as a preposition, the word ''wei" is read as a fourth tone. When it's a verb, it's read as second tone. The common phrase ''people make things happen" uses ''wei" as a verb.
A: 原來是這樣啊，那你剛才說的根據語體判斷讀音又是怎麼回事呢？
yuánlái shì zhèyàng ā, nà nǐ gāngcái shuō de gēnjù yǔtī pànduàn dúyīn yòu shì zěnme huíshì ne?
Oh, so that's how it is. What did you mean just then by using style to pick a reading?
B: 語體通常分為口語和書面語。有些多音字的讀音也取決於語體色彩，像“血”這個字，用在合成詞和成語中，屬於書面語用法，應該讀成xue4。如果是單獨使用或用在短語中，就屬於口語用法，讀成xie3。
yǔtī tōngcháng fēnwéi kǒuyǔ hé shūmiànyǔ. yǒuxiē duōyīnzì de dúyīn yě qǔjué yú yǔtī sècǎi, xiàng" xiě” zhège zì, yòng zài héchéngcí hé chéngyǔ zhōng, shǔyú shūmiànyǔ yòngfǎ, yīnggāi dú chéng xuè. rúguǒ shì dāndú shǐyòng huò yòng zài duǎnyǔ zhōng, jiù shǔyú kǒuyǔ yòngfǎ, dú chéng xiě.
Generally, style is classified as oral or written. Some pronunciations are determined by the shade of meaning in a style. Like the word ''blood." When it's used with other characters, or in proverbs, it's being used in the written style, and should be pronounced ''xue." When it's on its own, or in short phrases, it is oral, and should be read ''xie."
A: 沒想到學習多音字還有這麼多竅門。太好了，今後我再也不用死記硬背了。
méixiǎngdào xuéxí duōyīnzì hái yǒu zhème duō qiàomén. tài hǎo le, jīnhòu wǒ zài yě bùyòng sǐjìyìngbèi le.
I had no idea that characters with multiple readings had so many tricks to help remember them. Excellent. From now on I won't just memorize them one after another.
Key Vocabulary
對聯 duìlián paired written couplet
白學 bái xué to study in vain
學以致用 xuéyǐzhìyòng to study in order to use
妄自菲薄 wàngzìfěibó to underestimate one's own abilities
出醜 chūchǒu to make a blunder
了無生趣 liǎowúshēngqù to totally lose interest in life
賣關子 màiguānzi to keep people in suspense
埋怨 mányuàn to complain
依據 yījù according to
事在人為 shìzàirénwéi people make things happen
竅門 qiàomén the key to remember;to know
死記硬背 sǐjìyìngbèi to memorize by rote
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