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@ 50331 漢語中的外來詞
A 我現在在學日語，發現裡面有好多直接從英語音譯過來的外來詞。
wǒ xiànzài zài xué rìyǔ, fāxiàn lǐmiàn yǒu hǎoduō zhíjiē cóng yīngyǔ yīnyì guòlai de wàiláicí.
I'm studying Japanese now. I'm finding that there are a lot of words that were directly transliterated from the English.
B 是啊，其實漢語裡也有好多這樣的詞彙呢。而且很多都是我們常用的，比如，漢堡包、咖啡、可樂、沙發、克隆。還有一些新的網絡詞彙，比如博客、播客。咱們的生活還真離不開它們呢！
shì ā, qíshí hànyǔ lǐ yě yǒu hǎoduō zhèyàng de cíhuì ne. érqiě hěnduō dōu shì wǒmen chángyòng de, bǐrú, hànbǎobāo , kāfēi, kělè, shāfā, kèlóng. hái yǒu yīxiē xīn de wǎngluò cíhuì, bǐrú bókè, bōkè. zánmen de shēnghuó hái zhēn líbukāi tāmen ne!
Yeah. Actually, Chinese also has a lot of words like that. And a lot of them are frequently used, like hamburger, coffee, cola, sofa and clone. Plus there are some new Internet words, like blog and podcast. They're an inseparable part of our lives!
A 嗯，還真是這樣！各種語言好像都有挺多的英語外來詞彙，畢竟它是全球性的語言嘛。不過漢語裡也有一些來自日語的外來詞。它們在日語裡就以漢字形式出現，但有些讀音和意思都和漢語不同。這部分外來詞我們一般不容易感受到。
ng4, hái zhēnshì zhèyàng! gèzhǒng yǔyán hǎoxiàng dōu yǒu tǐng duō de yīngyǔ wàilái cíhuì, bìjìng tā shì quánqiúxìng de yǔyán ma. bùguò hànyǔ lǐ yě yǒu yīxiē láizì rìyǔ de wàiláicí. tāmen zài rìyǔ lǐ jiù yǐ hànzì xíngshì chūxiàn, dàn yǒuxiē dúyīn hé yìsi dōu hé hànyǔ bùtóng. zhè bùfen wàiláicí wǒmen yībān bù róngyì gǎnshòudào.
Oh, it's so true. It seems like all languages have a lot of words from English. It is a global language, after all. But Chinese also has some words from Japanese. In Japanese, they are expressed with Chinese characters, but some of their readings and meanings are different. It's generally not easy for us to come into contact with these.
B 看來你學日語還挺認真的！我覺得這幾年漢語來自日語的詞彙特別多，比如：量販店、料理、人氣、寫真等等。不過我覺得這些詞還是帶有挺重的日本氣息。
kànlai nǐ xué rìyǔ hái tǐng rènzhēn de! wǒ juéde zhè jǐ nián hànyǔ láizì rìyǔ de cíhuì tèbié duō, bǐrú: liàngfàndiàn, liàolǐ, rénqì, xiězhēn děngděng. bùguò wǒ juéde zhèxiē cí háishì dàiyǒu tǐng zhòng de rìběn qìxī.
Looks like you've studied Japanese very diligently! I think in the last few years a lot of words have come into Chinese from the Japanese. For example: wholesale stores, cuisine, popularity, portrait and so on. But I think these words have a very strong Japanese flavor.
A 那當然，因為它們是直接從日語裡搬過來的，意思都是對應的。可是還有一些詞彙就很有複雜的淵源。比如說“社會”這個詞，在古代漢語裡是“集會結社”的意思，日本人拿它來翻譯英語的society，我們再借到漢語裡來，才成為今天的意思。
nà dāngrán, yīnwèi tāmen shì zhíjiē cóng rìyǔ lǐ bānguòlai de, yìsi dōu shì duìyìng de. kěshì hái yǒu yīxiē cíhuì jiù hěn yǒu fùzá de yuānyuán. bǐrú shuō `` shèhuì" zhège cí, zài gǔdài hànyǔ lǐ shì `` jíhuì jiéshè" de yìsi, rìběnrén ná tā lái fānyì yīngyǔ de society, wǒmen zài jièdào hànyǔ lǐ lái, cái chéngwéi jīntiān de yìsi.
Of course, they were directly brought over from Japanese, with corresponding meanings. But the origin of some words is really complicated. For example，``society." In ancient Chinese it meant ``to form an association." The Japanese used it to translate the English word ``society." It only came into its modern meaning after Chinese borrowed it again.
B 是嗎？真想不到我們成天說的“社會”還有這麼個故事。其實，現在漢語裡新詞越來越多了。有些人擔心，長此以往漢語會變得不純粹了。
shì ma? zhēn xiǎngbudào wǒmen chéngtiān shuō de `` shèhuì" hái yǒu zhème ge gùshi. qíshí, xiànzài hànyǔ lǐ xīn cí yuèláiyuè duō le. yǒuxiē rén dānxīn, chángcǐyǐwǎng hànyǔ huì biànde bù chúncuì le.
Really? I had no idea that the word ``society" that we talk about day in and day out had such a story. Actually, there are more new words in Chinese all the time. Some people are worried that if it goes on like this, Chinese will become impure.
A 我倒不這樣想。語言不是靜止的，越是有新詞加入，越能增加它的生命力。不是有人說現在的世界是平的嗎？其實很多東西都是能夠融合的，包括語言。
wǒ dào bù zhèyàng xiǎng. yǔyán bù shì jìngzhǐ de, yuèshì yǒu xīn cí jiārù, yuè néng zēngjiā tā de shēngmìnglì. bùshì yǒurén shuō xiànzài de shìjiè shì píng de ma? qíshí hěn duō dōngxi dōu shì nénggòu rónghé de, bāokuò yǔyán.
For myself, I'm not worried about that. Languages aren't static. The more new words they have coming in, the more vitality they have. Didn't someone say that the world is flat? Actually a lot of things can be blended, including languages.
B 是啊，其實仔細想想，如果語言不更新，那我們今天的溝通會多麼費勁！好多日常生活中的事物都沒辦法表達呢！
shì ā, qíshí zǐxì xiǎngxiang, rúguǒ yǔyán bù gēngxīn, nà wǒmen jīntiān de gōutōng huì duōme fèijìn! hǎoduō rìcháng shēnghuó zhōng de shìwù dōu méi bànfǎ biǎodá ne!
Yeah, actually if you think about it carefully, if language didn't get renewed, it would be so difficult for us to communicate! There would be so many things in daily life that we couldn't express!
Key Vocabulary
料理 liàolǐ to handle
氣息 qìxī breath
成天 chéngtiān all day long
長此以往 chángcǐyǐwǎng if the situation continues this way
純粹 chúncuì pure
生命力 shēngmìnglì vitality
更新 gēngxīn to renew
溝通 gōutōng communication
費勁 fèijìn to require strenuous effort
Supplementary Vocabulary
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