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@ 50231 國企私有化
A 你看，報紙上又在說，自從黨的十六大召開以後，國有企業的改革正在如火如荼地進行著。
nǐ kàn, bàozhǐ shàng yòu zài shuō, zìcóng dǎng de shíliù dà zhàokāi yǐhòu, guóyǒu qǐyè de gǎigé zhèngzài rúhuǒrútú de jìnxíng zhe.
Check it out, it's in the newspaper again: ever since the convocation of the Sixteenth Meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, the reforms of state-owned enterprises are going like wild-fire!
B 我也看到了。我覺得在政府實行的眾多改革措施中，國有企業私有化是最為引人注目的。現在一些大型國有企業的經濟效益也已經有了顯著的提高……
wǒ yě kàndào le. wǒ juéde zài zhèngfǔ shíxíng de zhòngduō gǎigé cuòshī zhōng, guóyǒu qǐyè sīyǒuhuà shì zuì wéi yǐnrénzhùmù de. xiànzài yīxiē dàxíng guóyǒu qǐyè de jīngjì xiàoyì yě yǐjīng yǒu le xiǎnzhù de tígāo......
I saw that, too. I think that of all the reform measures the government is carrying out, the privatization of state-owned enterprises is the most interesting. The economic productivity of some large-scale state owned enterprises has already risen notably...
C 怎麼？你們在說國有企業的私有化改革嗎？哎，老實說我可是最反對這次改革的。我打一開始就對國有企業的私有化持懷疑態度。
zěnme? nǐmen zài shuō guóyǒu qǐyè de sīyǒuhuà gǎigé ma? āi, lǎoshí shuō wǒ kěshì zuì fǎnduì zhècì gǎigé de. wǒ dǎ yī kāishǐ jiù duì guóyǒu qǐyè de sīyǒuhuà chí huáiyí tàidu.
What's that? Are you talking about privatization reforms of state-owned enterprises? Agh, to tell you the truth, I really oppose this round of reforms. I'm really suspicious of privatization of public enterprises.
A 為什麼呀？企業的國有化程度太高，政府過多地參與企業的經營，是不利於經濟發展的呀。
wèishénme yā? qǐyè de guóyǒuhuà chéngdù tài gāo, zhèngfǔ guòduō de cānyù qǐyè de jīngyíng, shì bùlì yú jīngjì fāzhǎn de yā.
Why? The state has too much control over enterprises, and the government is too involved in their operation. That's bad for the development of the economy.
C 可是國有生產資料變成私有資產，等於將公有產權變為私有產權，這還是社會主義嗎？國有資產讓私人經營，會造成嚴重的貧富不均，這樣還能人人平等嗎？
kěshì guóyǒu shēngchǎnzīliào biànchéng sīyǒu zīchǎn, děngyú jiāng gōngyǒu chǎnquán biànwéi sīyǒu chǎnquán, zhè háishì shèhuìzhǔyì ma? guóyǒuzīchǎn ràng sīrén jīngyíng, huì zàochéng yánzhòng de pínfùbùjūn, zhèyàng huán néng rénrén píngděng ma?
But changing publicly owned assets into privately owned assets is equivalent to turning publicly owned goods into privately owned goods. Is that still socialism? Allowing private individuals to operate state-owned properties will create a very serious wealth gap. Will people be able to stay equal this way?
A 我覺得不能這樣看。國有企業改革是為了將那些原本由政府掌控的企業轉為私人自主經營，加強企業間的良性競爭，避免壟斷和缺乏競爭所帶來的經濟增長乏力。這是好事情呀。
wǒ juéde bùnéng zhèyàng kàn. guóyǒu qǐyè gǎigé shì wèile jiāng nàxiē yuánběn yóu zhèngfǔ zhǎngkòng de qǐyè zhuǎiwéi sīrén zìzhǔ jīngyíng, jiāqiáng qǐyè jiān de liángxìng jìngzhēng, bìmiǎn lǒngduàn hé quēfá jìngzhēng suǒ dàilái de jīngjì zēngzhǎng fálì. zhè shì hǎo shìqìng yā.
I don't think you can look at it that way. The reforms of state-owned companies are intended to convert enterprises originally controlled by the government into free, privately operated businesses, to strengthen healthy competition among enterprises, and to avoid the economic problems brought on by monopolies and a shortage of competition. That's a good thing.
B 對呀。國有企業改革早就不再被看作是穩定經濟的權宜之計了，能源、運輸等領域的國有企業壟斷只會造成經濟的停滯不前。沒有競爭就沒有動力，若人人都在政府的庇護下捧著“鐵飯碗”，誰還有動力去發展經濟呢？
duìyā. guóyǒu qǐyè gǎigé zǎo jiù bùzài bèi kànzuò shì wěndìng jīngjì de quányízhījì le, néngyuán, yùnshū děng lǐngyù de guóyǒu qǐyè lǒngduàn zhǐ huì zàochéng jīngjì de tíngzhì bùqián. méiyǒu jìngzhēng jiù méiyǒu dònglì, ruò rénrén dōu zài zhèngfǔ de bìhù xià pěng zhe `` tiěfànwǎn" , shéi hái yǒu dònglì qù fāzhǎn jīngjì ne?
That's right. From early on, the reforms of state-owned enterprises couldn't be seen just as expedients for economic stability. Government monopolies of energy, shipping and other areas will only create economic stagnation. Without competition, you can't have motivation. Everyone is hanging around under the protection of the government, clutching their “iron rice bowl.`` Who has any impetus for developing the economy?
C 可是喪失了“鐵飯碗”，提高了失業率，將造成人心的不穩定，同樣不利於經濟的發展。
kěshì sàngshī le `` tiěfànwǎn" , tígāo le shīyèlǜ, jiāng zàochéng rénxīn de bù wěndìng, tóngyàng bù lìyú jīngjì de fāzhǎn.
But the death of the ``iron rice bowl" has raised the unemployment rate. That will make people less confident. It's also no good for economic development.
A 如果不加大企業間的競爭，單純依賴政府扶持，國有企業只能繼續沒有效率地運行下去，這樣可能會進一步加重政府的負擔，是沒有任何好處的。就算表面上掩飾了失業率，可是經濟並沒有發展，人民生活水平也沒能真正得到提高。
rúguǒ bù jiādà qǐyè jiān de jìngzhēng, dānchún yīlài zhèngfǔ fúchí, guóyǒu qǐyè zhǐnéng jìxù méiyǒu xiàolǜ de yùnxíng xiàqu, zhèyàng kěnéng huì jìn yī bù jiāzhòng zhèngfǔ de fùdān, shì méiyǒu rènhé hǎochu de. jiùsuàn biǎomiàn shàng yǎnshì le shīyèlǜ, kěshì jīngjì bìng méiyǒu fāzhǎn, rénmín shēnghuó shuǐpíng yě méinéng zhēnzhèng dédào tígāo.
If they don't add competition between big enterprises, and rely purely on government support, state-owned enterprises can only continue to operate inefficiently. Doing it this way will make the government's burden even heavier. It has no plus side at all. Even if on the surface you've concealed the unemployment rate, the economy still hasn't developed. People's standard of living hasn't really risen at all.
B 我完全同意你的觀點。國有企業的私有化，可以讓政府適當地引進民間資本或者外資。這樣不僅減輕了政府的負擔，政府還可以用這些錢來大力發展基礎設施建設，並加大工業產品研發力度，最終帶動國內各行各業的全面發展。可以說，加速國有企業私有化，是完全符合經濟發展規律的。
wǒ wánquán tóngyì nǐ de guāndiǎn. guóyǒuqǐyè de sīyǒuhuà, kěyǐ ràng zhèngfǔ shìdàng de yǐnjìn mínjiān zīběn huòzhě wàizī. zhèyàng bùjǐn jiǎnqīng le zhèngfǔ de fùdān, zhèngfǔ hái kěyǐ yòng zhèxiē qián lái dàlì fāzhǎn jīchǔshèshì jiànshè, bìng jiādà gōngyè chǎnpǐn yánfā lìdù, zuìzhōng dàidòng guónèi gèhánggèyè de quánmiàn fāzhǎn. kěyǐ shuō, jiāsù guóyǒu qǐyè sīyǒuhuà, shì wánquán fúhé jīngjì fāzhǎn guīlǜ de.
I completely agree with your opinion. Maybe the privatization of state-owned enterprises will allow the government to introduce an appropriate amount of civil capital or foreign investment. Not only does this reduce the government's burden. The government can also use this money to vigorously develop infrastructure, improve the research-and-development power of large industries, and ultimately, bring about well-rounded development of each national industry. We could say that speeding up the privatization of state-owned enterprises is completely in accordance with the laws of economics.
C 我還是對私有化信心不足。看到那麼多下崗工人，失業率居高不下，我就感到憂慮。
wǒ háishì duì sīyǒuhuà xìnxīn bùzú. kàndào nàme duō xiàgǎng gōngrén, shīyèlǜ jūgāobùxià, wǒ jiù gǎndào yōulǜ.
I still feel a little uneasy about privatization. Seeing so many unemployed workers, with the unemployment rate high stuck up high, I feel really apprehensive.
A 我相信這點國家也有考慮到。雖然我們打破了“鐵飯碗”，可是國家並沒有對失業人員置之不理。國家不僅加強了失業保障的力度，還大力提倡“競爭上崗”和“下崗再就業”。相信不久以後，高失業率的問題就會得到改善。
wǒ xiāngxìn zhèdiǎn guójiā yě yǒu kǎolǜ dào. suīrán wǒmen dǎpò le `` tiěfànwǎn" , kěshì guójiā bìng méiyǒu duì shīyè rényuán zhìzhībùlǐ. guójiā bùjǐn jiāqiáng le shīyè bǎozhàng de lìdù, hái dàlì tíchàng `` jìngzhēng shànggǎng" hé `` xiàgǎng zài jiùyè" . xiāngxìn bùjiǔ yǐhòu, gāo shīyèlǜ de wèntí jiù huì dédào gǎishàn.
I believe the government has also given this some thought. Although we've ``broken the iron rice bowl," the government definitely hasn't turned its back on the unemployed. The government has not only strengthened unemployment protection, it also vigorously promotes ``competing for jobs," and ``starting a new career after you lose your job." I'm sure that before long, the problem of high unemployment rates will see some improvement.
B 沒錯，私有化在中國大地上早已是不爭的事實，近年來更成為中國經濟和中國社會的突出現象，至於結果到底是好是壞，讓我們拭目以待吧。
méicuò, sīyǒuhuà zài Zhōngguó dàdì shàng zǎoyǐ shì bùzhēng de shìshí, jìnniánlái gèng chéngwéi Zhōngguó jīngjì hé Zhōngguó shèhuì de tūchū xiànxiàng, zhìyú jiéguǒ dàodǐ shì hǎo shì huài, ràng wǒmen shìmùyǐdài ba.
That's right. Privatization is already an uncontested reality in China. It's become an even more obvious economic and social phenomenon in the last few years. Let's wait and see whether the end results will be good or bad.
Key Vocabulary
如火如荼 rúhuǒrútú blazing
貧富不均 pínfùbùjūn the gap between the rich and the poor
壟斷 lǒngduàn monopoly
掌控 zhǎngkòng to control
乏力 fálì to lack strength
權宜之計 quányízhījì a temporary expedient
停滯不前 tíngzhì bùqián to stop and not moving forward
庇護 bìhù to shelter
鐵飯碗 tiěfànwǎn iron rice bowl (secure job)
扶持 fúchí to support
居高不下 jūgāobùxià stays at a high level
憂慮 yōulǜ to feel anxious
置之不理 zhìzhībùlǐ to refuse to acknowledge
拭目以待 shìmùyǐdāi to wait and see
Supplementary Vocabulary
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