@ 50207 中國企業國際化

中國企業國際化 HTML

中國企業國際化 PDF

A:   最近我去歐洲旅遊，發現商店裡賣的電器好多都是海爾。售貨員還說銷路很好。看來中國企業真是走向世界了。

zuìjìn wǒ qù ōuzhōu lǚyóu, fāxiàn shāngdiàn lǐ mài de diànqì hǎoduō dōu shì hǎiěr. shòuhuòyuán háishuō xiāolù hěn hǎo. kànlai Zhōngguó qǐyè zhēnshì zǒuxiàngshìjiè le.

I went traveling in Africa recently. I noticed that a lot of the electronics being sold in stores there were made by Haier. The sales person even said that they were selling well. It looks like Chinese companies are really going global.

B:   是啊，海爾是最早進軍國際，也是最成功的中國企業之一。他們的小家電在歐洲和北美已經佔有可觀的市場份額。去年的《財富500強》 ，中國就有15家企業上榜。以前大家總認為中國是超級世界工廠，但是現在，中國企業的自身發展也相當迅速。

shì a, hǎi ěr shì zuì zǎo jìnjūn guójì, yě shì zuì chénggōng de Zhōngguó qǐyè zhīyī. tāmen de xiǎo jiādiàn zài Oūzhōu hé Běiměi yǐjīng zhànyǒu kěguān de shìchǎng fèn é. qùnián de《 cáifù》 , Zhōngguó jiù yǒu shí wǔ jiā qǐyè shàng bǎng. yǐqián dàjiā zǒng rènwéi Zhōngguó shì chāojí shìjiègōngchǎng, dànshì xiànzài, Zhōngguó qǐyè de zìshēn fāzhǎn yě xiāngdāng xùnsù.

Yeah. Haier was the earliest to march into the international market. And it's one of the most successful Chinese companies. Their small home electronics already occupy a significant portion of the European and North American markets. Last year, fifteen Chinese companies were listed on the Fortune 500. In the past, everyone thought that China was the super world market. But now, Chinese companies' natural development is also remarkably fast.

A:   不過上榜的都是壟斷行業的國企，比如石油，電信和銀行。靠自主創新並在國內外都取得成功的企業還很少。至少還沒有能夠進入世界500強。

bùguò shàng bǎng de dōu shì lǒngduàn hángyè de guóqǐ, bǐrú shíyóu, diànxìn hé yínháng. kào zìzhǔ chuàngxīn bìng zài guó nèiwài dōu qǔdé chénggōng de qǐyè huái hěn shǎo. zhìshǎo hái méiyǒu nénggòu jìnrù shìjiè wǔbǎi.

But the ones on the list are all state-run enterprises with monopolies in their fields, such as oil, telecommunications and banks. Very few companies have been able to succeed both here and abroad on the strength of their own innovations. At the very least, none have been able to get onto the Fortune 500.

B:   但是凡事都需要時間。我們的企業算到現在，發展還不到30年，能有這麼一大批新興企業逐漸拓展海外市場已經是很驚人的成就了。比如海爾，聯想和華為，都在自己的領域成功地站穩腳跟，現在正在不斷努力成為世界認可的品牌。

dànshì fánshì dōu xūyào shíjiān. wǒmen de qǐyè suàn dào xiànzài, fāzhǎn hái bùdào sānshí nián, néng yǒu zhème yīdàpī xīnxīng qǐyè zhújiàn tuòzhǎn hǎiwài shìchǎng yǐjīng shì hěn jīngrén de chéngjiù le. bǐrú hǎi ěr, liánxiǎng hé huáwéi, dōu zài zìjǐ de lǐngyù chénggōng de zhànwěn jiǎogēn, xiànzài zhèngzài bùduàn nǔlì chéngwéi shìjiè rènkě de pǐnpái.

But everything takes time. Up till today, our companies haven't even been developing for thirty years. Having a big group of flourishing companies gradually opening up foreign markets is a surprising achievement. For example, Haier, Lenovo and Huawei all have a firm foothold in their fields. Now, they are working hard to become world-recognized brands.

A:   是啊。所以我們不能急功近利。中國企業走出去，目的不是要上榜。而是要持續創新和自我完善。其實我們的品牌，目前大多數還是以低價取勝。核心競爭力還遠遠不夠。這和全球性國際品牌，還有很大差距。

shì a. suǒyǐ wǒmen bùnéng jígōngjìnlì. Zhōngguó qǐyè zǒu chūqù, mùdì bù shì yào shàngbǎng. érshì yào chíxù chuàngxīn hé zìwǒ wánshàn. qíshí wǒmen de pǐnpái, mùqián dàduōshù hái shì yǐ dījià qǔshèng. héxīn jìngzhēnglì hái yuǎnyuǎn bùgòu. zhè hé quánqiúxìng guójì pǐnpái, hái yǒu hěn dà chājù.

Yeah. So we can't get ahead of ourselves. The goal for Chinese companies in going global isn't to get on the list. Actually, they need to innovate sustainably and improve themselves. Most of our brands have used low prices to get where they are today. Their core competitiveness is not nearly strong enough. There's still a big gap compared with international brands.

B:   對，所以自主創新就特別重要。我們的企業大多數還不具備領先的技術，但是他們在這方面的意識卻已經很強了。這也是聯想收購IBM個人電腦業務的一大原因。融會貫通，集眾家所長來提升自己。

duì, suǒyǐ zìzhǔ chuàngxīn jiù tèbié zhòngyào. wǒmen de qǐyè dàduōshù hái bù jùbèi lǐngxiān de jìshù, dànshì tāmen zàizhèfāngmiàn yìshì què yǐjīng hěn qiáng le. zhè yěshì liánxiǎng shōugòu IBM gèrén diànnǎo yèwù de yī dà yuányīn. rónghuìguàntōng, jízhòngjiāsuǒcháng lái tíshēng zìjǐ.

Yes, so self-driven innovation is extremely important. A lot of our companies don't have pioneering technologies, but they're already very aware of this aspect. This is a big reason that Lenovo wanted to buy IBM's PC business. They're learning by studying hard, and improving themselves by concentrating people's strengths.

A:   嗯，我還看到過報道說海爾打入歐美市場時，做了很細緻的客戶研究和市場調查。他們發現國外許多年輕人的住房都很小，所以根據這個特點設計了小型的家電，並幫助他們成功打入了當地市場。所以說，在中國企業國際化的過程中，本土化也是至關重要的。

ng4, wǒ hái kàndào guo bàodàoshuō hǎi ěr dǎrù Oūměi shìchǎng shí, zuòle hěn xìzhì de kèhù yánjiū hé shìchǎngdiàochá. tāmen fāxiàn guówài xǔduō niánqīngrén de zhùfáng dōu hěn xiǎo, suǒyǐ gēnjù zhè ge tèdiǎn shèjì le xiǎoxíng de jiā diàn, bìng bāngzhù tāmen chénggōng dǎrù le dāngdì shìchǎng. suǒyǐshuō, zài Zhōngguó qǐyè guójìhuà de guòchéng zhōng, běntǔhuà yě shì zhìguānzhòngyāo de.

Hmm-- I saw a report that said when Haier entered the US-European markets, they did very thorough customer research and a market investigation. They learned that many young people overseas have small housing. So, they specially designed small household electronics accordingly. This helped them successfully break into the local market. That is to say, as Chinese companies internationalize, localization is also extremely important.

B:   其實人力資源和管理的本土化也一樣關鍵。而且從某種角度上說，它比產品的本土化還要困難。中國企業在國內習慣了以低工資、低成本開工廠。當它們把生產線和研發中心設在其它國家時，才忽然發現成本漲了三四倍。特別是高端的技術人才，福利保險加上工資，一名員工的成本幾乎等於中國技術人員的十倍。習慣了精打細算、壓低成本的中國廠家，對此往往缺乏準備，因而忍不住還是要找國內人員研發。這樣一來，海外先進研發中心形同虛設。這也限制了國內企業的技術突破。

qíshí rénlìzīyuán hé guǎnlǐ de běntǔhuà yě yīyàng guānjiàn. érqiě cóng mǒuzhǒngjiǎodù shàng shuō, tā bǐ chǎnpǐn de běntǔhuà hái yào kùnnan. Zhōngguó qǐyè zàiguónèi xíguàn le yǐ dī gōngzī、 dī chéngběn kāi gōngchǎng. dàng tāmen bǎ shēngchǎnxiàn hé yánfāzhōngxīn shèzài qítā guójiā shí, cái hūrán fāxiàn chéngběn zhǎng le sānsìbèi. tèbié shì gāoduān de jìshù réncái, fúlì bǎoxiǎn jiāshàng gōngzī, yī míng yuángōng de chéngběn jīhū děngyú Zhōngguó jìshùrényuán de shíbèi. xíguàn le jīngdǎxìsuàn、 yādī chéngběn de Zhōngguó chǎngjiā, duìcǐ wǎngwǎng quēfá zhǔnbèi, yīnér rěnbuzhù hái shì yào zhǎo guónèi rényuán yánfā. zhèyàngyīlái, hǎiwài xiānjìn yánfāzhōngxīn xíngtóngxūshè. zhè yě xiànzhì le guónèi qǐyè de jìshù tūpò.

Actually, the localization of human resources and management are equally important. From a certain point of view, they're even more important than localizing your products. Chinese companies are used to opening factories with low wages and low costs in China. When they move their production lines and R&D centers to other countries, they suddenly discover that their costs have increased by thee- or four-fold. That's especially true for high-end tech workers. When you add in their welfare benefits, insurance and salary, the cost per worker is almost ten times higher than for a Chinese tech worker. Chinese companies, accustomed to careful budgeting and keeping their costs low, are never adequately prepared for this. So they can't help wanting to find domestic workers to do R&D. In this way, so-called ''overseas research centers" exist only in name. This has also hampered domestic companies' technological breakthroughs.

A:   很多中國公司進行跨國投資時，也常遇到文化差異所帶來的衝擊。國內慣用的企業文化和做法在海外行不通，所以管理體制受到嚴峻的考驗。這也暴露了想要國際化的中國企業其實非常缺乏有國際性戰略眼光的高層管理人才。

hěn duō Zhōngguó gōngsī jìnxíng kuàguó tóuzī shí, yě cháng yùdào wénhuà chāyì suǒ dàilái de chōngjī. guónèi guànyòng de qǐyèwénhuà hé zuòfǎ zàihǎiwài xíngbutōng, suǒyǐ guǎnlǐ tīzhì shòudào yánjùn de kǎoyàn. zhè yě bàolù le xiǎng yào guójìhuà de Zhōngguó qǐyè qíshí fēicháng quēfá yǒu guójìxìng zhànlǜeyǎnguāng de gāocéng guǎnlǐ réncái.

When they get foreign investors, a lot of Chinese companies run into conflicts caused by cultural differences. The corporate culture and methods used they are used to domestically are not workable abroad. So this is a serious test for their management systems. This has revealed that Chinese companies eager to internationalize actually have a real lack of high level management with an eye for international strategy.

B:   是啊，而且我們企業的海外市場推廣也還處於初級階段。海外市場對中國品牌的認同度是相當低的。看來要真正做到具備綜合實力，站穩國際市場還真是任重道遠。

shì a, érqiě wǒmen qǐyè de hǎiwài shìchǎng tuīguǎng yě hái chǔyú chūjíjiēduàn. hǎiwài shìchǎng duì Zhōngguó pǐnpái de rèntóngdù shì xiāngdāng dī de. kànlai yào zhēnzhèng zuò dào jùbèi zōnghéshílì, zhàn wěn guójìshìchǎng hái zhēnshì rènzhòngdàoyuǎn.

Yeah. And our development of overseas markets is still in the early stage. Foreign markets don't really recognize Chinese brands. It looks like it's a long, hard road to integrated strength and a firm position in the international market.

Key Vocabulary

銷路 xiāolù sales

壟斷 lǒngduàn to monopolize

拓展 tuòzhǎn to expand

站穩腳跟 zhànwěnjiǎogēn to stand firm

急功近利 jígōngjìnlì eager for success and profit

融會貫通 rónghuìguàntōng to master through thorough study

精打細算 jīngdǎxìsuàn precise calculations and strict budgeting

形同虛設 xíngtóngxūshè to exist in name but not in practice

任重道遠 rènzhòngdàoyuǎn to have heavy responsibilities for a long time

------

Diccionario

======