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@ 40199 Traditional Residences
A 老北京真有味道。騎著自行車，穿行在衚衕和四合院間，特別能體會到北京的歷史和人們的生活。
lǎo Běijīng zhēn yǒuwèidào. qí zhe zìxíngchē, chuānxíng zài hútòng hé sìhéyuàn jiān, tèbié néng tǐhuìdào Běijīng de lìshǐ hé rénmen de shēnghuó.
Old Beijing has such an alluring charm. You can really feel the city's history and how people live as you cycle through the hutong and siheyuan.
B 是啊。每個城市都有自己的特色民居。它就像城市的臉。你知道嗎上海也有類似四合院的建築，叫石庫門。衚衕在上海叫弄堂。像北京的建築一樣，別有韻味。
shì ā. měige chéngshì dōu yǒu zìjǐde tèsè mínjū. tā jiùxiàng chéngshì de liǎn. nǐ zhīdao ma Shànghǎi yě yǒu lèisì sìhéyuàn de jiànzhù, jiào shíkùmén. hútòng zài Shànghǎi jiào lòngtáng. xiàng Běijīng de jiànzhù yíyàng, bié yǒu yùnwèi.
That’s true. Every city has its own distinct style of residence, which is like the face of the city. Do you know that Shanghai has its own version of the siheyuan, called shikumen. The hutong is known as a longtang there. They have their own unique beauty just like their counterparts in Beijing.
A 嗯，我見過。和你有一樣的感覺。不過四合院的起源比石庫門早很多。我看書上說，四合院元朝就有了。它之所以叫四合院，是因為房屋是由東西南北四面包圍，成“口”字形，中間是花園。大片的四合院中間的通道叫衚衕。唉，你知道石庫門的起源嗎？
ng4, wǒ jiàn guo. hé nǐ yǒu yíyàng de gǎnjué. bùguò sìhéyuàn de qǐyuán bǐ shíkùmén zǎo hěn duō. wǒ kàn shūshàng shuō, sìhéyuàn Yuáncháo jiù yǒu le. tā zhīsuǒyǐ jiào sìhéyuàn, shì yīnwèi fángwū shì yóu dōngxīnánběi sìmiàn bāowéi, chéng kǒu zì xíng, zhōngjiān shì huāyuán. dàpiàn de sìhéyuàn zhōngjiàn de tōngdào jiào hútòng. āi, nǐ zhīdao shíkùmén de qǐyuán ma?
Yes, I’ve seen those. I agree with you. Siheyuan have a much older origin than shikumen. According to a book that I read, they date back to the Yuan Dynasty. They got their name because the rooms are surrounded on four sides by walls, forming a square shape. The garden is in the center. The lanes running through blocks of siheyuan are called hutong. Do you know the origin of shikumen?
B 嗯，我去上海的時候聽過。石庫門出現於十九世紀中。當時大批難民因為打仗逃難到上海租界裡，必須很多人擠在一所小房子裡。久而久之，就形成了石庫門這種兩層樓的石質房屋。家門裡面有一個很小的花園，叫天井。石庫門中間細長的街道叫弄堂。以前，北京和上海的大多數居民都住在這些傳統民居里。
ng4, wǒ qù Shànghǎi de shíhou tīng guo. shíkùmén chūxiàn yú shíjiǔ shìjì zhōng. dāngshí dàpī nànmín yīnwèi dǎzhàng táonàn dào Shànghǎi zūjiè lǐ, bìxū hěn duō rén jǐ zài yī suǒ xiǎo fángzǐ lǐ. jiǔ'érjiǔzhī, jiù xíngchéng le shíkùmén zhèzhǒng liǎng céng lóu de shízhì fángwū. jiāmén lǐmiàn yǒu yī ge hěn xiǎo de huāyuán, jiào tiānjǐng. shíkùmén zhōngjiān xìcháng de jiēdào jiào lòngtáng. yǐqián, Běijīng hé Shànghǎi de dàduōshù jūmín dōu zhùzài zhèxiē chuántǒng mínjū lǐ.
Yes, I heard about it when I was in Shanghai. Shikumen came into existence in the mid-19th century. There was an influx of war refugees fleeing to the concessions in Shanghai. They had to cram into small houses. Over time, these evolved into a type of two-story house made from stone known as shikumen. There is a tiny garden inside the house called a tianjing. The long narrow lanes between shikumen houses are known as longtang. Most of the people in Beijing and Shanghai used to live in these traditional residences.
A 可惜，這幾年四合院和石庫門被拆了很多。現在，許多人都強烈要求保護這些建築。否則，城市會失去自己寶貴的歷史回憶和個性。
kěxī, zhèjǐnián sìhéyuàn hé shíkùmén bèi chāi le hěn duō. xiànzài, xǔduō rén dōu qiángliè yāoqiú bǎohù zhèxiē jiànzhù. fǒuzé, chéngshì huì shīqù zìjǐ bǎoguì de lìshǐ huíyì hé gèxìng.
What a pity that many siheyuan and shikumen have been torn down in the past few years. A lot of people are strongly urging their protection and conservation. A city could lose its invaluable historical memory and identity without them.
Key Vocabulary
有味道 yǒuwèidào
穿行 chuānxíng
衚衕 hútòng
四合院 sìhéyuàn
體會到 tǐhuìdào
類似 lèisì
建築 jiànzhù
石庫門 shíkùmén
弄堂 lòngtáng
別有韻味 bié yǒu yùnwèi
起源 qǐyuán
元朝 Yuáncháo
之所以 zhīsuǒyǐ
由 yóu
包圍 bāowéi
呈 chéng
口字形 kǒu zì xíng
大片 dàpiàn
通道 tōngdào
大批 dàpī
難民 nànmín
打仗 dǎzhàng
逃難 táonàn
租界 zūjiè
久而久之 jiǔ'érjiǔzhī
石質 shízhì
天井 tiānjǐng
Supplementary Vocabulary
悠久 yōujiǔ
古老 gǔlǎo
文物 wénwù
古蹟 gǔjì
遺留 yíliú
考證 kǎozhèng
懷念 huáiniàn
保存 bǎocún
價值連城 jiàzhíliánchéng
無價之寶 wújiàzhībǎo
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