▎以及, yĭjí, (Conj), as well as

 

Function 以及 is a literary conjunction, which connects nouns or sentences.

1 我表哥念高中的時候最喜歡的課有英文、歷史以及藝術。

Wǒ biǎogē niàn gāozhōng de shíhòu zuì xǐhuān de kè yǒu Yīngwén, lìshǐ yǐjí yìshù.

My cousin’s favorite courses in high school were English, history, and art.

2 台北、台中以及高雄都是人口兩百萬以上的大城市。

Táiběi, Táizhōng yǐjí Gāoxióng dōu shì rénkǒu liǎngbǎi wàn yǐshàng de dà chéngshì.

Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung are all cities with a population of more than 2 million people.

3 這個城市的交通很亂，怎麼改善交通問題以及減少車禍的發生，是這個城市的人民最關心的事情。

Zhè ge chéngshì de jiāotōng hěn luàn, zěnme gǎishàn jiāotōng wèntí yǐjí jiǎnshǎo chēhuò de fāshēng, shì zhè ge chéngshì de rénmín zuì guānxīn de shìqíng.

The traffic in this city is chaotic. The people of this city are most concerned with how to improve the traffic situation and reduce the number of accidents.

4 這次颱風，台灣東部以及南部都會受到影響。

Zhè cì táifēng, Táiwān dōngbù yǐjí nánbù dōu huì shòudào yǐngxiǎng.

The easten and southern part of Taiwan will both be affected by this typhoon.

5 明天要去旅行，請你把外套、鞋子以及日用品放在背包裡。

Míngtiān yào qù lǚxíng, qǐng nǐ bǎ wàitào, xiézi yǐjí rìyòngpǐn fàng zài bēibāo lǐ.

We’re going on a trip tomorrow. Please put your coat, shoes, and daily necessities in your backpack.

 

Usage Conjunctions in Chinese can be of three types: those which connect nouns, those which connect sentences, and those which can connect either. 以及 belongs to the last category.

Type 1: connects noun, e.g., 和, 跟

1 那家商店賣青菜、水果和一些日用品。

Nà jiā shāngdiàn mài qīngcài, shuǐguǒ hàn yìxiē rìyòngpǐn.

That shop sells vegetables, fruit, and some daily necessities.

2 他剛去超市買了牛肉、魚跟麵包。

Tā gāng qù chāoshì mǎile niúròu, yú gēn miànbāo.

He just went to the supermarket where he bought beef, fish, and bread.

Type 2: connects sentences, i.e., 不過, 但是

1 這裡白天的溫度很高，不過剛剛下過雨，我覺得涼快多了。

Zhèlǐ báitiān de wēndù hěn gāo, búguò gānggāng xiàguò yǔ, wǒ juéde liángkuai duō le.

The temperature here during the day is high, but it just rained, (so) I feel a lot cooler.

2 她想去國外旅行，但是想到一個人旅行有點麻煩，就下不了決心。

Tā xiǎng qù guówài lǚxíng, dànshì xiǎngdào yí ge rén lǚxíng yǒudiǎn máfán, jiù xiàbùliǎo juéxīn.

She wants to travel abroad, but when she thought about how traveling alone is a bit of a pain, she couldn’t make up her mind.

Type 3: connects nouns & sentences

1 去國外念書，當地的生活費以及學費，是學生最關心的事。

Qù guówài niànshū, dāngdì de shēnghuófèi yǐjí xuéfèi, shì xuéshēng zuì guānxīn de shì.

When studying abroad, students are most concerned with the local cost of living and tuition fees.

2 你要不要跟王先生見面，以及他來了以後，要跟他說什麼，你最好想清楚。

Nǐ yào bú yào gēn Wáng xiānshēng jiànmiàn, yǐjí tā láile yǐhòu, yào gēn tā shuō shénme, nǐ zuìhǎo xiǎng qīngchǔ.

It would be in your best interest to think clearly about meeting Mr. Wang or not and what you are going to talk to him.